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1 <p class="f7">

2 <a href="/suggest.html">suggestion box</a> &ndash;

3 <a href="https://got.high5.nl/?action=summary&path=why-vi.rocks.git">latest additions (got)</a> &ndash;

4 <a href="/also.html">see also</a> &ndash;

5 <a href="/colophon.html">colophon</a>

6 </p>

8 <div class="logo-container">

9   <img id="logo" class="mt4" src="vi-sw.png" alt="Logo">

10 </div>

12 _Why? [vi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi) is the **de facto** standard

13 text editor in any Unix-like operating system._

15 Here is a collection of [vi(1)](https://man.openbsd.org/vi.1)/[ex(1)](https://man.openbsd.org/ex.1) commands and command sequences.<br>

16 Tested with [nvi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nvi) 1.79 and 2.1.3 (unicode).

18 [Bill Joy's greatest gift to man - the vi editor](https://www.theregister.co.uk/2003/09/11/bill_joys_greatest_gift/)

21 ## Yank/delete lines

23 (1) mark the first line: `mk`<br>

24 (2) move to last line<br>

25 (3a) yank: `y'k`<br>

26 (3b) delete: `d'k`<br>

27 (4) move to destination line<br>

28 (5) put with `P` or `p`<br>

31 ## Apply regex to lines

33 (1) mark the first line: `mk`<br>

34 (2) mark the last line: `ml`<br>

36 <pre>

37 :'k,'ls/<em>regex</em>/<em>power</em>/g

38 </pre>

41 ## Increment / Decrement number in command mode

43 (1) move cursor to number<br>

44 (2a) increment by one: #+<br>

45 (2b) increment by N (5): 5#+<br>

46 (3a) decrement by one: #-<br>

47 (3b) decrement by N (9): 9#-

50 ## Add &#35; to a block

52 <pre>

53 :'k,'ls/^/#/

54 </pre>

57 ## Remove trailing whitespace from every line

59 <pre>

60 :%s/ *$//

61 </pre>

64 ## Remove tabs

66 <pre>

67 :%s/<u>&lt;CTRL-V&gt;&lt;TAB&gt;</u>//g

68 </pre>

71 ## Remove trailing whitespace from a block

73 <pre>

74 :'k,'ls/\ *$//

75 </pre>

78 ## Remove the first N-characters from every line

80 N = 5

82 <pre>

83 :%s/^.\{0,<em>5</em>\}//

84 </pre>

87 ## Delete all lines N-character long

89 N = 10

91 <pre>

92 :g/^.\{<em>10</em>\}$/d

93 </pre>

96 ## Delete all lines _except_ N-character long

98 N = 10

100 <pre>

101 :g!/^.\{<em>10</em>\}$/d

102 </pre>

105 ## Search/replace paths using &#35; as delimiter

107 <pre>

108 :%s#<em>/usr/local/log</em>#<em>/var/log</em>#g

109 </pre>

112 ## Search/replace &#94;M with LF

114 <pre>

115 :g/<u>&lt;CTRL-V&gt;&lt;ENTER&gt;</u>/s///g

116 </pre>

119 ## Write the file as root

121 	:w !doas tee %

124 ## Diff the file on disk with the buffer

126 	:w !diff -u % -

129 ## Make a backup of the file on disk

131 	:!cp % %.bak

134 ## Sort all lines

136 	:%!sort

139 ## Sort a block

141 `}` won't be shown

143 <pre>

144 !<u>}</u>sort

145 </pre>

148 ## Sort from the current line to EOF

150 `G` won't be shown

152 <pre>

153 !<u>G</u>sort

154 </pre>

157 ## Delete duplicated lines in the file

159 	:%!uniq

161 ## Delete duplicated lines in the block

163 `}` won't be shown

165 <pre>

166 !<u>}</u>uniq

167 </pre>

169 ## Delete duplicated lines till EOF

171 `G` won't be shown

173 <pre>

174 !<u>G</u>uniq

175 </pre>

178 ## Underline all lines starting with `pattern`

180 <pre>

181 :g/^<em>pattern</em> /t.|s/./=/g

182 </pre>

185 ## Search for `pattern`, print the containing function (start with `def`) and line number

187 <pre>

188 :g/<em>pattern</em>/?^ *<em>def</em> ?#

189 </pre>

192 ## Add &#35; to paragraph containing `pattern`

194 <pre>

195 :g/<em>pattern</em>/?^$?+,//-s/^/#

196 </pre>

199 ## Sort content of a multiline CSS block

201 	:g/{$/+,/^}/-!sort

204 ## Sort content of a multiline CSS block (media queries)

206 	:g/^[^@].*{$/+,/}/-!sort

209 ## Format content of `<p>` tag to fixed width

211 width = 40

213 <pre>

214 :g/&lt;p&gt;/+,/&lt;\/p&gt;/-!fmt -<em>40</em>

215 </pre>

218 ## Format whole document

220 	:%!fmt -s

222 In your .nexrc

224 <pre>

225 map gF :%!fmt -s<u>&lt;CTRL-V&gt;&lt;ENTER&gt;</u>

226 </pre>

228 ## Reverse all lines, move `m` all lines to 0

230 	:g/1*/m0

233 ## Swap `Lastname, Firstname` to `Firstname, Lastname`

235 	:%s/\(.*\), \(.*\)/\2 \1/

238 ## Convert to lowercase

240 	:%s/.*/\L&/

243 ## Surround text with pattern

245 	:%s/.*/`pattern` & `pattern`/

248 ## Join all lines

250 	:%j

252 ## Copy `t` or move `m` lines containing `pattern`

254 <pre>

255 :g/<em>pattern</em>/t$

256 :g/<em>pattern</em>/m$

257 </pre>

259 ## Select a column of a table

260 Select 3rd column separated by colon (`:`)

262 <pre>

263 :%!awk -F'<em>:</em>' '{print $<em>3</em>}'

264 </pre>

266 ## Insert the sum of a list of numbers after an arbitrary number of lines

268 (1) mark the first line: `mk`

269 (2) mark the last line: `ml`

271 <pre>

272 :'k,'l!awk 'END{print "<em>total:</em>", i}{i+=$1; print}'

273 </pre>

275 or

277 <pre>

278 :'k,'l!awk 'END{print "<em>total:</em>", i} ++i || 1'

279 </pre>

281 ## Email the block

283 <pre>

284 :?^$?+,//-w !mail -s "<em>subject</em>" <em>email@example.com</em>

285 </pre>

287 ## Enable and use `ex` history

289 (1) Set `ESC` key to enable history or add to `~/.nexrc`:

291 <pre>

292 :set cedit=<u>&lt;CTRL-V&gt;&lt;ESC&gt;</u>

293 </pre>

295 (2) Use it with:

297 <pre>

298 :<u>&lt;ESC&gt;</u>

299 </pre>

302 ## Integrate with tmux buffer

304 (1) cut text from current position to mark 'm' into tmux buffer. Hit undo to put text back into vi buffer.

306 <pre>

307 !'mtmux load-buffer -

308 </pre>

310 (2) paste text from tmux buffer into vi buffer.

312 <pre>

313 :r!tmux show-buffer

314 </pre>

316 (3) Map in ~/.nexrc (command mode)

318 <pre>

319 map gx !'mtmux load-buffer -<u>&lt;CTRL-V&gt;&lt;ENTER&gt;</u>

320 map gy !'mtmux load-buffer -<u>&lt;CTRL-V&gt;&lt;ENTER&gt;</u>u

321 map gp :r!tmux show-buffer<u>&lt;CTRL-V&gt;&lt;ENTER&gt;</u>

322 </pre>

325 ## Remap ESC to ALT-i in ~/.nexrc (insert mode)

327 <pre>

328 map! <u>&lt;CTRL-V&gt;&lt;ALT-i&gt;</u> <u>&lt;CTRL-V&gt;&lt;ESC&gt;</u>

329 </pre>